The limited powers assigned to Washington by the Constitution, basically full power over the military and diplomacy and some limited legislative and juridical powers, could not possibly be sufficient for what Lincoln declared was a "national" government. American states had gambled that they could give up some of their sovereignty and yet remain sovereign. They attached 10 amendments to the Constitution before ratifying it. The tenth amendment states, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” Clearly the Constitution is about delegating certain powers to a central government and this would certainly have been an odd way to set up a “national” government since the powers delegated are limited. Lincoln used the word “national” to describe the government he became president of in 1861 because his revolutionary purpose was to make the Federal Government a national government.
Daniel McNeill
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